鑒別書畫真偽既是一門高深的學問，也是一項復雜的技術。要想判清真假，鑒別者不但要修養深，見識廣，而且要懂得多種學科知識，多聽多看，增加眼力。用一些技術手段來判別真偽比較準確，而且不需要什么工具，這里字畫鑒定評估就給大家介紹一種基本常識——通過看墨色鑒別書畫作品的真偽！
Identifying the authenticity of calligraphy and painting is not only a profound knowledge, but also a complex technology. In order to judge halal falsehood, the discriminator should not only be well-educated and knowledgeable, but also be knowledgeable in many disciplines, listen more, see more and increase his eyesight. Using some technical means to judge the authenticity is more accurate, and does not need any tools, here the appraisal of calligraphy and painting to introduce you a basic common sense - by looking at ink to identify the authenticity of calligraphy and painting works!
墨色由于時間長久，會有一些特征，宋代及宋以前作品，其墨色上會出現一層白霜，細看則無，剝刮也不褪去。墨色之內有一層莓苔，似隱似理，剝刮不退。偽作是用香灰吹散，使之粘附于墨色之上，如果一經擦拭，墨色就顯得黑亮，與自然生成的大為不同，于彩色更不能仿，宋和宋以前的繪畫，顏色均勻，已泌入紙絹之內，將纖維完全染透。元明時代的繪畫雖然次于宋代，但也深入里面。新作或仿作的繪畫，其墨跡或顏色均在表面，輕浮而不沉著，光亮而不濃重，雖然用熏舊法處理，但仍會露出新作的痕跡，新舊放在一起比較，真偽就明顯了。
Because of the long time, there will be some characteristics of ink. In the works of Song Dynasty and before Song Dynasty, there will be a layer of white frost on the ink. If you look at it carefully, it will not fade. There is a layer of raspberry moss in the dark color, which seems unreasonable and can not be scraped back. The artifact is to spread the aromatic ash and make it adhere to the ink. Once wiped, the ink appears bright and black, which is quite different from the natural color. As for the color, it can not be imitated. The paintings before Song and Song Dynasty are uniform in color, which has been secreted into the paper silk, and the fibers are dyed thoroughly. Painting in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties was second to that in the Song Dynasty, but it also went deep into it. New or imitation paintings, whose ink or color are on the surface, light but not calm, bright and not heavy, although treated with fumigation, but still reveal the traces of new works, the old and new together, the authenticity is obvious.
除去看墨色鑒別的方法：看圖章鑒別法和看題跋鑒別法。
In addition to the method of identifying ink color, the method of identifying seal and the method of identifying inscriptions and postscripts.
1、看圖章。圖章看似不起眼，但它能分出書畫的真偽。唐宋作品蓋有圖章的很少，不像后來，沒蓋章不算完卷。宋以前均用銅章，偶而也用象牙、犀角作章。明初王冕開始用花乳石作名章，明中葉以后才有青田、壽山、昌化等各種石章。作偽者不明此理，為了容易刻，一律用石章。印章由于用料不同，印跡會有不同，從中可分辨真偽。宋以前用水印，用水調朱涂，使之厚重。南宋以后漸用蜜印，以蜜調朱，使之濃附于上。元代開始用油朱調艾，到乾隆時才開始用八寶印泥。作偽者一概使用八寶印泥，結果會露出破綻。另外，元以前印不精，也沒奇異式樣，作偽者往往憑空想象，反而畫蛇添足。
1. Look at the seal. Seals may seem insignificant, but they can tell the authenticity of paintings and calligraphy. Few Tang and Song works have stamps on them, unlike later works, which are not finished without stamps. Before the Song Dynasty, bronze medals were used, and occasionally ivory and rhinoceros horns were used. In the early Ming Dynasty, Wang Mian began to use lactite as a famous seal. After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, there were Qingtian, Shoushan, Changhua and other stone stamps. Falsifiers do not understand this. In order to engrave easily, they always use stone stamps. Seals may be imprinted differently because of different materials, from which the authenticity can be distinguished. Before the Song Dynasty, water was used to make Zhu Tu thick and heavy. After the Southern Song Dynasty, honey seals were gradually used to mix Zhu with honey to make it strongly attached to it. The Yuan Dynasty began to use oil Zhu to adjust Ai, and the Qianlong Dynasty began to use eight treasures of printing mud. The counterfeiters always use Babao printing mud, and the result will show flaws. In addition, before the Yuan Dynasty, the printing was not perfect, and there was no strange style. The counterfeiters often imagined by imagination, but painted snakes and added feet.
2、看題跋。古書畫有題跋者，大多出自各帶名賢之手，名賢珍惜名聲，必須對要題跋的畫有深切了解后，方肯下筆。因此，對有名賢題跋的書畫，如能證明其所題跋為真，就不必查作品真偽如何，一般是真跡無疑。古代名人書畫無題跋已有收藏價值，如果再偽作題跋，被人發現后豈不破壞原作的價值，沒人干此蠢事。所以題跋是假作品必偽，題跋若是真跡，作品必真。
2. Look at the topic and postscript. Ancient paintings and calligraphy have inscriptions and postscripts, mostly from the hands of the famous people, who cherish their reputation, must have a deep understanding of the painting to inscribe postscripts before they will write. Therefore, if the calligraphy and painting inscribed by a famous person can prove that the inscription is true, it is not necessary to check the authenticity of the work. Generally, there is no doubt about the authenticity of the work. Ancient celebrities'calligraphy and painting without inscriptions and postscripts already have collecting value. If they were faked again, they would not destroy the value of the original work if they were discovered. Nobody did such a foolish thing. Therefore, inscriptions and postscripts are false works, and if inscriptions and postscripts are authentic works must be true.
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